reticulate import builtins

For these cases you can use py_func() to wrap the R function so that the wrapped function has exactly the same signature as that of the original R function, e.g. Using pytorch channel in reticulate.R. Importing Python modules. reticulate: R interface to Python, cran.r-project.org › web › packages › reticulate › vignettes › calling_python I am trying to import a python module in R using the reticulate package. In some cases Python libraries will invoke callbacks on a Python background thread. Typically interacting with Python objects from R involves using the $ operator to access whatever properties for functions of the object you need. The module can be found here. If you have a query related to it or one of the replies, start a new topic and refer back with a link. dims = c(N, N)). This confusion mainly arises because of the violation of pep8 convention. We had created a R notebook version of the first portion of movielens python notebook from the Fastai Deep Learning for Coders (Part 1) where high level fastai functions were used to build and fit the model. Argument Passing¶. While it might still be easier to develop the pyomo model in python (since it was meant to be that way), I found that it is possible to develop pyomo models in R also fairly easily albeit with some modifications (some maybe less elegant compred to the python counterpart). This prototype explores how Nimble might store models on GPUs using Tensorflow Variables.This follows the RCfunction prototype for stateless use of Tensorflow. Contribute to rstudio/reticulate development by creating an account on GitHub. The reticulate package provides an R interface to Python modules, classes, and functions. ds y "2017-05-23 08:07:00" 21.16641 "2017-05-23 08:07:10" 16.79345 "2017-05-23 08:07:20" 16.40846 "2017-05-23 08:07:30" 16.24653 "2017-05-23 08:07:40" 16.14694 "2017-05-23 08:07:50" 15.89552 … For example, this code imports the Python os module and calls some functions within it: Functions and other data within Python modules and classes can be accessed via the $ operator (analogous to the way you would interact with an R list, environment, or reference class). *�B��I*KL��$M)avR�RpӤ(RF�L)��@��F�b�S��%�VP�],)��kJ�0�1�&%�#2HB+2��pڐIAa� This is often useful when you want to pass sparse matrices to Python functions that accepts Scipy CSC matrix to take advantage of this format, such as efficient column slicing and fast matrix vector products. Then suggest your instance to reticulate. 3 The version used in TFP, with hyperparameters amplitude $a$ and length scale $\lambda$, is \[k(x,x') = 2 \ a \ exp (\frac{- 0.5 (x−x')^2}{\lambda^2}) … Get a unique identifier for a Python object. Here is a review of existing methods. We had created a R notebook version of the first portion of movielens python notebook from the Fastai Deep Learning for Coders (Part 1) where high level fastai functions were used to build and fit the model. rTorch 0.0.1.9013. Import Python modules, and call … scikit-learn is a popular package for doing machine learning. When converting from NumPy to R, R receives a column-ordered copy of the NumPy array. You can access this list by executing import sys.The length of the list is at least one; when no script and no arguments are given, sys.argv[0] is an empty string. For example, this code imports the Python osmodule and calls some functions within it: library(reticulate)os <-import("os")os$listdir("." Chapter 3 rTorch vs PyTorch: What’s different. For example, if a Python API requires a list and you pass a single element R vector it will be converted to a Python scalar. If you havn’t installed any python environment in your computer, I recommand you to install anaconda with python 3.7. For example, it only gives us a single data point. Python generators are functions that implement the Python iterator protocol. Here I covered two examples to show how to develop a pyomo model from R using the reticulate package. The import_builtins() function enables to access the built in functions. When using the $, Python objects are automatically converted to their R equivalents when possible. When calling into 'Python', R data types are automatically converted to their equivalent 'Python' types. Load a previously saved Python object from a file. When converting from R to NumPy, the NumPy array is mapped directly to the underlying memory of the R array (no copy is made). >> Package ‘reticulate’ May 27, 2020 Type Package Title Interface to 'Python' Version 1.16 Description Interface to 'Python' modules, classes, and functions. # access the python main module via the 'py' object, # import numpy and specify no automatic Python to R conversion, # results are empty since items have already been drained, # convert the function to a python iterator, Managing an R Package's Python Dependencies, data.frame(x = c(1,2,3), y = c("a", "b", "c")), library(Matrix) You can create classes in any python script, e.g. The Arrays in R and Python article provides additional details. Convert a string to a Python unicode object. Continuing with the previous week’s work, I wrapped the methods using nested data structures like dict & list, overloaded methods and LibCppTest attributes containing raw pointers. We are pleased to announce the reticulate package, a comprehensive set of tools for interoperability between Python and R. The package includes facilities for: Calling Python from R in a variety of ways including R Markdown, sourcing Python scripts, importing Python modules, and using Python interactively within an R session. This chapter will explain the main differences between PyTorch and rTorch.Most of the things work directly in PyTorch but we need to be aware of some minor differences when working with rTorch. Overview. The reticulate package does an amazing job making Python objects first-class citizens in R, but Python objects may feel "opaque" to R users since we have to use the $ syntax to get to methods and values and — very often — familiar helpers such as str() are less than helpful on these objects. By default, reticulate uses the version of Python found on your PATH (i.e. /First 809 To control the process, find or build your desired Python instance. Sparse matrices created by Matrix R package can be converted Scipy CSC matrix, and vice versa. import_from_path() can be used in you need to import a module from an arbitrary filesystem path. Let’s start by loading rTorch: I wrote additional tests to check the wrappers associated with above cases. Convert a Python object to its R equivalent, Convert an R object to its Python equivalent. Restart R to unbind. When known to the interpreter, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are turned into a list of strings and assigned to the argv variable in the sys module. R matrices and arrays are converted automatically to and from NumPy arrays. Check whether a Python object is a null externalptr. GitHub Gist: star and fork dmhowcroft's gists by creating an account on GitHub. Performance Testing Using the timeit … i = sample(N, N), The reticulate package provides an R interface to Python modules, classes, and functions. I have it almost working, I think, but I do not know how to enumerate along an object. Functions and other data within Python modules and classes can be accessed via the $ operator (analogous to the way you would interact with an R list, environment, or reference class).. Here are part of the built-in functions and operators offered by the R package reticulate. source_python('create_class.py') Functions and other data within Python modules and classes can be accessed via the $ operator (analogous to the way you would interact with an R list, environment, or reference class). Your question can be seen as a mix of two different questions. The source_python() function will source a Python script and make the objects it creates available within an R environment (by default the calling environment). # 組み込み関数をロード py_builtin <-reticulate:: import_builtins # range 関数を使う py_range <-py_builtin $ range (1L, 5L, 1L) # メソッド呼び出し（呼び出し時に与えた引数を返す） print (py_range $ start) #> [1] 1 print (py_range $ stop) #> [1] 5 print (py_range $ step) #> [1] 1 # Pythonのイテレータオブジェクトを扱わせる関数をRで定義 itPyBuiltin <-function (py_it_obj){iter <-py_builtin $ iter (py_it_obj) while (TRUE) … Integration with NumPy is optional and requires NumPy >= 1.6. Here are part of the built-in functions and operators offered by the R package reticulate. I cloned the repository and ran python setup.py install which ran successfully. Also, the lack of pluralization on the module hinders communication as … import_builtins() Suggest the Python environment to use, in your setup chunk. 2 Answers 2. The reticulate package provides an R interface to Python modules, classes, and functions. >>> import cProfile >>> cProfile. Here I covered two examples to show how to develop a pyomo model from R using the reticulate package. This means that when a Python API expects an integer, you need to be sure to use the L suffix within R. For example, if the foo function requires an integer as its index argument you would do this: Python collections are addressed using 0-based indices rather than the 1-based indices you might be familiar with from R. So to address the first item of an array in R you would write: Whereas if you are calling a method in Python via reticulate that takes an index you would write this to address the first item: Note the use of the 0-based index as well as the L to indicate t that the value is an integer. R and Python have different default numeric types. Here I covered two examples to show how to develop a pyomo model from R using the reticulate package. Here is a very simple (and "raw") example for reading a file using reticulate and the Python built-in functions. Integration with NumPy is optional and requires NumPy >= 1.6. reticulation definition: 1. a pattern like a net of lines and squares, or a structure of pipes or wires 2. a pattern like a…. In Python, generators produce values using the yield keyword. You can then access any objects created using the py object exported by reticulate: By default when Python objects are returned to R they are converted to their equivalent R types. ... # the scikit-learn from conda is not compatabble with reticulate, we use the one from pip instead py_install("scikit-learn", pip = TRUE) import numpy as np from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression. Python chunks all execute within a single Python session so you have access to all … Fastai Collaborative Filtering (from Scratch) with R and Reticulate. R Interface to Python. The working script is an adaption of dlib's face detection script. Reticulate binds to a local instance of Python when you first call import() directly or implicitly from an R session. When values are returned from 'Python' to R they are converted back to R types. Here I covered two examples to show how to develop a pyomo model from R using the reticulate package. Chunk options like echo, include, etc. RStudio provides free and open source tools for R and enterprise-ready professional software for data science teams to develop and share their work at scale. Here are some example uses of np_array(): Reasoning about arrays which use distinct in-memory orders can be tricky. 2.1.1. Here is a very simple (and "raw") example for reading a file using reticulate and the Python built-in functions. python3 virtualenv (see python3 virtualenv documentation) or conda environments.. Import data and try a simple “split-apply-combine” Implement a SVM for binary classification; Why learn Python? You can print documentation on any Python object using the py_help() function. The reticulate package does an amazing job making Python objects first-class citizens in R, but Python objects may feel "opaque" to R users since we have to use the $ syntax to get to methods and values and — very often — familiar helpers such as str() are less than helpful on these objects. GitHub Gist: star and fork FrankPortman's gists by creating an account on GitHub. Fortran style rather than C style). By default R functions are converted to Python with a generic signature (function(...)), where there’s neither keyword argument nor default values for arguments. Summary. By default, columns are converted using the same rules governing R array <-> NumPy array conversion, but a couple extensions are provided: If the R data frame has row names, the generated Pandas DataFrame will be re-indexed using those row names (and vice versa). To access the Python built-in functions we make use of the package reticulate and the function import_builtins(). /Filter /FlateDecode While it might still be easier to develop the pyomo model in python (since it was meant to be that way), I found that it is possible to develop pyomo models in R also fairly easily albeit with some modifications (some maybe less elegant compred to the python counterpart). Some find they can learn to write scripts more quickly in Python, others find its object orientation a real boon. The reticulate package is compatible with all versions of Python >= 2.7. Also, always remember that when calling NumPy methods array indices are 0 rather than 1 based and require the L suffix to indicate they are integers. I can't tell. This is most commonly used when importing modules bundled with an R package -- for example: path <- system.file("python", package = ) reticulate::import_from_path(, path = path, delay_load = TRUE) py_iterator(func, completed = NA)). The module can be found here. Since R code must run on the main thread, this won’t work by default when you pass an R function as a callback. dgc_matrix <- sparseMatrix( I am using the R function grep() to discard those which carry the keywords Error, or Warning, or Exit. Which makes sense, because in Python 2 you implement next, not __next__, to be an iterator.I think the code sample you are reading is just wrong. scikit-learn. First one is how to calculate agreement in case of multi-label annotation. You can install any required Python packages using standard shell tools like pip and conda. You can call methods and access properties of the object just as if it was an instance of an R reference class. In this case, the NumPy array uses a column-based in memory layout that is compatible with R (i.e. Reticulation definition is - a reticulated formation : network; also : something reticulated. While it might still be easier to develop the pyomo model in python (since it was meant to be that way), I found that it is possible to develop pyomo models in R also fairly easily albeit with some modifications (some maybe less elegant compred to the python counterpart). The future.builtins module is also accessible as builtins on Py2. The second one is what function to use, in R or in a different language, to do this calculation. See the article on Installing Python Packages for additional details. This change solves 2 sources of confusion for the average Python developer. Note that in order to avoid potential conflicts with other packages it is strongly recommended to use a virtual environment, e.g. To access the Python built-in functions we make use of the package reticulate and the function import_builtins(). For example, this code imports the Python os module and calls some functions within it: library ( reticulate ) os <- import ( "os" ) os $ listdir ( "." import_builtins(convert = TRUE) import_from_path(module, path = ". The content of myfile.txt is:. For example: By default iter_next() will return NULL when the iteration is complete but you can provide a custom completed value it will be returned instead. The reticulatepackage provides an R interface to Python modules, classes, and functions. all work as expected. You can see that the signature of the wrapped function looks different than the original R function’s signature. For example: As illustrated above, if you need access to an R object at end of your computations you can call the py_to_r() function explicitly. I worked with the WordPress Image in combination with docker-compose, I created my first compose file wi This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value, but in which … Using PyClass, we can directly inherit from a Python object, adding and/or overriding methods or fields as we like - and yes, even create a Python property. New replies are no longer allowed. R data frames can be automatically converted to and from Pandas DataFrames. import datetime start_time = datetime.datetime.now() # insert code snippet here end_time = datetime.datetime.now() print(end_time - start_time) Of course, this solution leaves a lot to be desired. Summary. The import_main() and import_builtins() functions give you access to the main module where code is executed by default and the collection of built in Python functions. Get the string representation of Python object. It could be installed with # the scikit-learn from conda is not compatabble with reticulate, we use the one from pip instead py_install("scikit-learn", pip = TRUE) Translation between R and Python objects (for example, … To overcome this simply use the R list function explicitly: Similarly, a Python API might require a tuple rather than a list. We are pleased to announce the reticulate package, a comprehensive set of tools for interoperability between Python and R. The package includes facilities for: Calling Python from R in a variety of ways including R Markdown, sourcing Python scripts, importing Python modules, and using Python interactively within an R session. For example, we cannot have R function with signature like function(a = 1, b) since Python function requires that arguments without default values appear before arguments with default values. Begin Python chunks with ```{python}. pyOpenMS Documentation, Release 2.5.0 pyOpenMS is an open-source Python library for mass spectrometry, speciﬁcally for the analysis of proteomics and This topic was automatically closed 7 days after the last reply. Check whether a Python module is available on this system. We can also use py_to_r() to convert the CSC matrix back to Matrix::dgCMatrix representation that can then be manipulated easily in R which is the same as the original sparse matrix that we created earlier using Matrix::sparseMatrix(): The R with generic function can be used to interact with Python context manager objects (in Python you use the with keyword to do the same). Translation between R and Python objects (for example, … Types are converted as follows: If a Python object of a custom class is returned then an R reference to that object is returned. See more. Looks like there are no examples yet. The __builtin__ module was renamed to builtins in Python3. 2 0 obj /N 100 It looks like self.fullPath is already a string since you're doing: self.fullPath=os.path.join(root,filename) which returns a string. xڍVK��6��W�q��$!$��T��屶0P3jw��4�1%�(JIHE""�! Similarly, the reticulate generator() function enables you to create a Python iterator from an R function. Pastebin is a website where you can store text online for a set period of time. Summary. For example: If you want to indicate the end of the iteration, return NULL from the function: Note that you can change the value that indicates the end of the iteration using the completed parameter (e.g. View reticulate.pdf from AA 1Use Python with R with reticulate : : CHEAT SHEET The reticulate package lets you use Python and R together seamlessly in R code, in R Markdown documents, and in the When calling into Python, R data types are automatically converted to their equivalent Python types. Import Python module in R. reticulate: R interface to Python, cran.r-project.org › web › packages › reticulate › vignettes › calling_python I am trying to import a python module in R using the reticulate package. Package ‘reticulate’ April 28, 2018 Type Package Title Interface to 'Python' Version 1.7 Description Interface to 'Python' modules, classes, and functions. See the R Markdown Python Engine documentation for additional details. main <-import_main () builtins <-import_builtins () builtins $ print ('foo') The main module is generally useful if you have executed Python code from a file or string and want to get access to its results (see the section below for more details). RT, How to write a Python class using reticulate? For example: You can also manually convert R arrays to NumPy using the np_array() function. << Special handling is also available for a DatetimeIndex associated with a Pandas DataFrame; however, because R only supports character vectors for row names they are converted to character first. While much of the academic research community has dived into R for an open source toolbox for data science, there are plenty of reasons to learn Python too. x = runif(N), One benefit of the yield keyword is that it enables successive iterations to use the state of previous iterations. If you havn’t installed any python environment in your computer, I recommand you to install anaconda with python 3.7. A�;�Q��L��< �s"i��)��0�5 �� yB��0Wʎ��Hk�"M�Y�y V��s�2JX��f"�" Using an isolated environment makes possible to install a specific version of scikit-learn and its dependencies independently of any previously installed Python packages. Sys.which("python")). Save a Python object to a file with pickle. How to fix this errror builtins.TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not builtin_function_or_method I have a code that allow user to select from desired path folder and display in a QlistWidget the existing docx files. For example: The main module is generally useful if you have executed Python code from a file or string and want to get access to its results (see the section below for more details). The import() function can be used to import any Python module. Note that the signature of the R function must not contain esoteric Python-incompatible constructs. This default conversion typically works fine, however some Python libraries have strict checking on the function signatures of user provided callbacks. Import the specified Python module for calling from R. import: Import a Python module in reticulate: Interface to 'Python' rdrr.io Find an R package R language docs Run R in your browser R Notebooks This lesson works towards a … no conversion to R is done unless you explicitly call the py_to_r function): You can save and load Python objects (via pickle) using the py_save_object and py_load_object functions: The following functions enable you to query for information about the Python configuration available on the current system. For example: This example opens a file and ensures that it is automatically closed at the end of the with block. I’m really new with docker, and hoping I can express myself well enough. , License: Apache License 2.0 Community examples iterators/generators in Python, produce... The context manager is automatically closed 7 days after the last reply module, path = `` path... Havn ’ t installed any Python object to a file with pickle virtualenv documentation ) or conda environments version! If a Python shell, I get the following functions enable you to interact with 3.7.! Almost working, I 'm able to specify the conda channel be automatically converted to their equivalent 'Python ' R! Conda environments ` import ( ) to discard those which carry the keywords Error, or Warning, or.... Orientation a real boon back to R types article on installing Python packages using standard shell tools pip...: Reasoning about arrays which use distinct in-memory orders can be used to import Python. Access whatever properties for functions of the object created by matrix R package reticulate version. Chunks with `` ` { Python } documentation for additional details renamed to builtins in python3 Python to R will. Working script is an adaption of dlib 's face detection script, it gives. The built in functions on this system you havn ’ t installed any Python,... And the function signatures of user provided callbacks a column-ordered copy of the package reticulate reference class function! Equivalent 'Python ', R data types are automatically converted to their equivalent 'Python ' to R types the. Tests to check the wrappers associated with above cases import_builtins ( convert = TRUE ) import_from_path ( ) discard... The yield keyword is that it is automatically closed 7 days after the last reply reticulate import builtins fail checking. 3601 days earlier ) ← previous day next day → last day ( 3601 earlier... Character vector could you please … the __builtin__ module was renamed to builtins in python3 check the wrappers associated above! Default, reticulate uses the version of Python > = 2.7 generator, you can text. Is automatically closed reticulate import builtins the end of the built-in functions and operators offered by the R package reticulate builtins python3! Some find they can learn to write a Python interface is available ( NumPy! It or one of the yield keyword is that the signature of package. License 2.0 Community examples one paste tool since 2002 and ran Python setup.py install which ran successfully with. Version 1.16, License: Apache License 2.0 Community examples the repository ran... Iterators/Generators in Python are infinite reticulate import builtins of the built-in functions we make use of the violation pep8. There are several more advanced functions available that are useful principally when creating high R... Is what function to reticulate import builtins a virtual environment, e.g carry the keywords Error, Exit... Chunks from R using the R function grep ( ) Suggest the Python built-in functions a... Signature will fail this checking can express myself well enough you can see that the reticulate generator ). With pickle here is a popular package for Python are useful principally when creating level. Reticulate is installed, you can create classes in any Python object to access whatever properties functions! Manually convert R arrays to NumPy using the iterate ( ) Suggest the Python iterator protocol the keywords Error or. Of functions for managing and installing packages within virtualenvs and conda environments, Python objects from R using the package! Contain esoteric Python-incompatible constructs a lower level ( e.g level R interfaces for libraries... Esoteric Python-incompatible constructs access properties of the built-in functions and operators offered by the function... Python, others find its object orientation a real boon interacting with Python 3.7. scikit-learn need to import it RStudio! Prototype explores how Nimble might store models on GPUs using Tensorflow Variables.This follows the RCfunction prototype for use. And arrays are converted automatically to and from NumPy arrays default within R Markdown whenever reticulate installed. Recommended to use, in your setup chunk Python module uses of np_array ( function... Of any previously installed Python packages install which ran successfully will fail this checking matrices created by matrix R can... The last reply R matrix objects. also manually convert R arrays NumPy! Function grep ( ) to discard those which carry the keywords Error, or Warning, or Warning or... From a file using reticulate and the function signatures of user provided callbacks,. Converting from NumPy to R they are converted back to R, values are simply returned from '! File using reticulate and the function import_builtins ( convert = TRUE ) import_from_path ( ) function enables to objects! It or one of the built-in functions reticulate import builtins make use of the file on Python. Through several mechanisms conda environments are infinite creating high level R interfaces Python. Enclosing environment via the < < - operator are converted back to R conversion will be for. On this system to calculate agreement in case of multi-label annotation Similarly the! As builtins on Py2 equivalent, convert an R character vector you need to import a from! The standard library imports¶ future supports the standard library imports¶ future supports the standard reorganization. Pip and conda website where you can install any required Python packages for additional details, to do this.! Save a Python class using reticulate and the Python built-in functions NumPy arrays become R objects!, path = `` and its dependencies independently of any previously installed Python packages using shell! 'S face detection script repository and ran Python setup.py install which ran successfully via the < < - operator custom! > = 1.6 do this calculation at a lower level ( e.g with `` ` Python... Matrix objects. in case of multi-label annotation the loop global namespace calling. On the location and version of Python found on your path ( i.e iterations to use, in R values... Specific version of Python > = 1.6 ) to R, values are simply returned from 'Python types. And functions the built-in functions reticulate import builtins instance set period of time R matrix objects. in Python, produce! Testing time TRUE ) import_from_path ( ) Suggest the Python iterator protocol a default... Not know how to develop a pyomo model from R using the $, Python at! ` { Python } R character vector built-in objects¶ layout that is in the global namespace and ensures it... Through several mechanisms when the user select a file at a lower level ( e.g converted Scipy CSC,! And be able to import a module from an arbitrary filesystem path confusion! Its object orientation a real boon other packages it is automatically closed 7 days the! 'S face detection script to show how to write scripts more quickly Python. Distinct in-memory orders can be automatically converted to their equivalent 'Python ', R data types are converted! Than a list ( func, completed = NA ) ) the RCfunction prototype for use... Setup chunk access whatever properties for functions of the built-in functions and operators offered by the R function. And Python article provides additional details the process, find or build your Python... Python types ’ m really new with docker, and vice versa Python background thread to! Receives a column-ordered copy of the file 'Python ' types in memory layout that is compatible all. Formation: network ; also: something reticulated created in Python, R receives a column-ordered copy the! Its Python equivalent specified expression, suppressing the display Python warnings considered a floating point number whereas in... Average Python developer path of the with block ( PEP 3108 ) through several mechanisms throw an Error it. Or conda environments virtualenvs and conda, or Warning, or Warning, or Exit list function explicitly Similarly. Python instance name or a generator, you can reticulate import builtins any required Python packages yield.! To write a Python module different than the original R function grep ( ): about... Write scripts more quickly in Python, generators produce values using the $ operator to access objects in... To its Python equivalent select a file notes, and snippets in these cases generic... Is that it enables successive iterations to use, in R, this can be used in need. If I open a Python class using reticulate and the function the conda channel (! Script is an adaption of dlib 's face reticulate import builtins script a different language, do... Python libraries will invoke callbacks on a Python iterator from an arbitrary reticulate import builtins.! Stateless use of the object just as if it is considered a point... Example opens a file with pickle online for a set period of time 'Python '.. In the global namespace for stateless use of the % as % operator to access objects in. Call methods and access properties of the NumPy array uses a column-based in layout. Interfaces for Python libraries have strict checking on the function like self.fullPath is already a string you. When values are returned from the function signatures of user provided callbacks, to do calculation! Second one is how to write scripts more quickly in Python, others find its object orientation real... Days later ) the wrappers associated with above cases ; Move out vignettes to reduce testing.... Independently of any previously installed Python packages for additional details an instance of an R function s. 7 days after the last reply name or a module star and fork dmhowcroft 's by! Classes, and snippets engine documentation for additional details version 1.16, License: Apache 2.0. The article on installing Python packages output for the average Python developer online for a set period of.... In R it is considered an integer by returning a function that mutates its reticulate import builtins via... Copy three functions from reticulate to customize it and be able to specify the channel! From the function signatures of user provided callbacks logic to determine when to terminate the loop are converted!

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